清香讲堂 | 走进南极，守护人类地球的最后一片净土

当你凝视南极大陆，你眼中映照的不仅是一片冰封的土地，更是一部自然界最神奇、最深邃的故事。南极，这片被冰雪覆盖的大陆，孕育着无数奇迹和谜团，它是地球上唯一没有永久居民的洲际大陆，却又是人们心驰神往的终极目的地。4月14日，清香特邀自然体验与科普课程设计师李可莱老师，带领同学们一起踏上一场探索南极之谜的奇幻之旅，揭开这片神秘大陆的面纱，探寻其中的奥秘和美丽。

When you gaze at the Antarctic continent, what you see is not only a frozen land, but also a story of the most magical and profound nature. Antarctica, a continent covered by ice and snow, is home to countless wonders and mysteries, and is the only intercontinental continent on Earth without permanent inhabitants, yet it is the ultimate destination for people’s hearts and minds.On April 14th, THISDL invited Ms. Li Kelai, a designer of the Nature Experience and Popular Science Curriculum, to lead the students to embark on a journey to explore the mysteries of Antarctica, to unveil this mysterious continent, and explore the mysteries and beauties therein. unraveling the veil of this mysterious continent and exploring its mysteries and beauty.

李可莱老师是一名优秀的自然插画师，也是一名经验丰富的国内外自然旅行领队。她曾多次带队前往南极、肯尼亚、婆罗洲、西双版纳、高黎贡山、内蒙等地开展自然教育与游学工作。毕业于北京师范大学，参与过植物演化和灵长类动物保护的相关研究，发表过多篇学术论文。著有《给孩子的自然博物课-一学就会的视觉笔记》《肯尼亚野生动物图鉴》等书。美术科班出身，擅长自然绘画，对自然课程设计有独到的想法，多个原创课程及手绘作品深受同学喜爱。

Li Kelai, natural illustrator, and leader of domestic and international natural travel. She has led teams to Antarctica, Kenya, Borneo, Xishuangbanna, Mount Gorgon, Inner Mongolia and other places multiple times to carry out nature education and study tours. Graduated from Beijing Normal University, participated in research related to plant evolution and primate conservation, and published multiple academic papers. He has written books such as “A Natural History Lesson for Children – Visual Notes for One Study” and “Kenya Wildlife Atlas”. She comes from an art major and is skilled in natural painting. She has unique ideas for natural course design and has created multiple original courses and hand drawn works that are highly appreciated by my classmates.

李老师口中的南极，是生动且形象的。

The Antarctic in Mr. Li’s mouth is vivid and graphic.

南极洲为坚冰所覆盖，孤绝荒寂，广大辽阔，是一个大到能容纳1.3个中国的神秘冰雪王国。南极不仅是最晚发现的⼤洲，而且是最冷、最孤独、最干燥、最强风、平均海拔最高的地方！就像一个极限运动员，各种极限属性全包！

Antarctica is an ice-covered, isolated, desolate, vast and mysterious ice kingdom that is big enough to fit 1.3 China’s. Antarctica is not only the last continent to be discovered, it is also the coldest, loneliest, driest, windiest, and highest in average altitude! Antarctica is not only the last continent to be discovered, but also the coldest, loneliest, driest, windiest and highest average altitude! Just like an extreme athlete, all kinds of extreme attributes are all-inclusive!

李老师轻松地将严肃的科学知识变成了有趣的故事。她讲述着南极的极端天气、最强风的故事，不时加入夸张的比喻和搞笑的声音，让同学们忍俊不禁。

Ms. Li easily turned serious scientific knowledge into interesting stories. She told stories about extreme weather and the strongest winds in Antarctica, adding exaggerated metaphors and funny voices from time to time, which made the students unable to stop laughing.

“大家知道吗？南极的风可厉害了，如果你想感受吹上天的感觉，那么你可以来到南极，然后……嗖！就飞上天了！”同学们听得津津有味，时不时爆发出阵阵笑声。

“Do you all know? The wind in Antarctica is awesome, and if you want to feel what it’s like to blow up into the sky, then you can come to Antarctica and … whoosh! Just fly up to the sky!” The students listened with great interest and burst into laughter from time to time.

当讲述到南极的本土显花植物时，李老师强烈安利同学们可以以此为主题撰写这本书，非常容易完成，因为南极有且仅有两种本⼟显花植物——南极发草和南极漆姑草。

When talking about the native flowering plants in Antarctica, Ms. Li strongly suggested that students could write this book on this topic, which is very easy to accomplish because there are only two native flowering plants in Antarctica – Antarctic hairgrass and Antarctic paintbrush.

南极是地球上最不像地球的地方，它是地球上唯一一个拥有世界70%淡水储备的洲际大陆。它不仅拥有各种极限属性，还拥有生物学意义上的“包罗万象”。尽管南极对人类来说完全不宜居，但这片土地上却孕育着众多独特的生命，甚至可以用生机勃勃来形容。它们以惊人的适应力，顽强地生存在这片冰雪世界中。

Antarctica is the most unearthly place on Earth, the only intercontinental continent with 70% of the world’s fresh water reserves. Not only does it have extreme properties, it is also biologically “all-encompassing”. Although the Antarctic is completely inhospitable to humans, the land is home to a unique, if not vibrant, array of life. They are amazingly resilient in their ability to survive in this world of ice and snow.

想象一下，在南极，你会遇到什么？相信大家第一答案就是企鹅！是的没错，憨态可掬的企鹅深受人们喜爱。目前大约有18种企鹅，根据不同企鹅独特的外貌身形，李老师为大家展示了与众不同的四组企鹅，如以帝企鹅和王企鹅为代表的“绅士”组，典型的“黑白花”组，像黑帮老大哥一样的“黄眉毛”组，还有必不可少的“气氛”组。

Imagine being in Antarctica, what would you encounter? I believe the first answer is penguins! Yes, that’s right, the silly penguins are very popular among people. At present, there are about 18 species of penguins, according to the unique appearance of different penguins, Ms. Li showed us four different groups of penguins, such as the “Gentleman” group represented by Emperor Penguins and King Penguins, the typical “Black and White” group, the “Yellow Eyebrows” group, and the essential “Yellow Eyebrows” group, which is just like a gangster boss. There are four different groups of penguins, such as the “Gentlemen” group represented by Emperor and King penguins, the typical “Black and White Flowers” group, the “Yellow Eyebrows” group which looks like a gangster, and the essential “Ambience” group.

或许大家会以为所有的企鹅都居住在南极，但事实并非如此。小企鹅们选择在澳大利亚和新西兰生活。在南半球，企鹅们的分布也是多样的，新西兰拥有最多种类的企鹅，甚至还有一种少见的黄眼企鹅。而加岛企鹅则成为了唯一分布到北半球的企鹅。

One might think that all penguins live in Antarctica, but that is not the case. Little penguins choose to live in Australia and New Zealand. In the Southern Hemisphere, the penguins are also diverse, with New Zealand having the largest variety of penguins and even a rare species of yellow-eyed penguin. The Kajima penguin, on the other hand, has become the only penguin distributed to the northern hemisphere.

或许每个人都曾向往能够亲近这些可爱的生物，但在南极，人们需要与所有生物保持至少五米的安全距离。企鹅这些小家伙们虽然看起来温顺可爱，但却有着出人意料的战斗力。

Perhaps everyone has aspired to be close to these adorable creatures, but in Antarctica one is required to keep a safe distance of at least five meters from all living things. Penguins, the little guys, may look docile and cute, but they are surprisingly capable of fighting.

那么，企鹅是如何在南极这样极端的环境中生存下来的呢？李老师表示：“企鹅的羽毛和一般鸟类的羽毛不同，它的羽毛又小又密，保暖且防水，组成了非常厚实的御寒‘皮衣’。并且企鹅平均一年换一次羽毛。”

So how do penguins survive in such an extreme environment as Antarctica? Ms. Li said, “Penguin’s feathers are different from those of birds in general, its feathers are small and dense, warm and waterproof, which make up a very thick ‘leather coat’ against the cold. And penguins change their feathers once a year on average.

深入了解企鹅的生活，我们也发现很多它的“小秘密”。企鹅并非没有脖子，相反它们的脖子长且灵活，甚至能够轻松依靠长脖子优势作出嘴巴舔到屁股的高难度动作；企鹅看似萌萌哒，实际气味却并不好闻，有股鱼市场的味道，而它们的屁屁居然是红色的，并且拉屎时还能够喷射出来。但尽管如此，企鹅还是十分爱干净的，它们会前往海洋搓澡，保持自己的羽毛干净整洁；企鹅是最擅长潜水的鸟类，在水中的企鹅就像在天空飞一样自由，可以像海豚一样在水中跃起；企鹅也是会“偷东西”的，比如抢占石头来筑巢，这些石头在南极可是稀缺资源。

As we delve deeper into the life of penguins, we also find many of their “little secrets”. Penguins do not have no neck, on the contrary, their necks are long and flexible, and they can even easily rely on the advantage of their long necks to make the mouth to lick the buttocks of difficult actions; penguins seem to be cute and cuddly, but in fact, the smell is not very good, and there is a smell of the fish market, and their farts are actually red, and they can be sprayed out of the poop. But despite this, penguins are still very clean, they will go to the ocean to scrub, to keep their feathers clean and tidy; penguins are the most skillful diving birds, in the water penguins are as free as in the sky, can be like dolphins in the water jump up; penguins are also “steal”, such as grabbing the stones to build a nest, these stones are scarce in Antarctica, but the penguins are also “steal”, for example, to build a nest. Rocks are a scarce resource in Antarctica.

作为父母，企鹅也有着独特的育儿方式。它们利用肚子上的斑秃处来孵卵，在孕育下一代的过程中，它们也会面临着诸多挑战和危险。豹海豹、虎鲸以及贼鸥等都是企鹅的天敌，任何生物都在遵守着自然界的生存法则。

As parents, penguins also have a unique parenting style. They use the bald spots on their bellies to incubate their eggs, and they face many challenges and dangers as they nurture their next generation. Leopard seals, killer whales, and thieving gulls are all natural enemies of the penguins, as is any creature that abides by nature’s laws of survival.

当然，不要以为南极只有企鹅！这里还有海豹、海狮、海狗、鲸鱼等，甚至有一种拥有“象鼻”的南象海豹，它们还会发出类似“放屁”一样的声音，真是有趣又可爱。

Of course, don’t think that penguins are the only ones in Antarctica! There are also seals, sea lions, fur seals, whales, and even a southern elephant seal with a trunk that makes a farting sound, which is really funny and cute.

关于海豹和海狮的区分，李老师慷慨地为大家分享了三个小妙招。一则可以通过姿势来区分；海豹上岸只能“蠕动”，海狮能在陆地上⾏⾛；二则可以看耳朵来区分，海豹没有外⽿廓，海狮有“⼩⽿朵”；三则可以看泳姿来区分，海狮通常划动前肢提供动⼒，海豹则摆动后肢提供动⼒。

Ms. Li generously shared three tips on how to distinguish seals from sea lions. First, we can distinguish them by their postures; seals can only “wriggle” on land, while sea lions can row on land; second, we can distinguish them by their ears; seals do not have external outlines, while sea lions have “little ears”; third, we can distinguish them by their swimming styles, as sea lions usually paddle their forelimbs to provide power and strength, while seals swing their hind limbs to provide power. Sea lions usually stroke their front limbs to provide strength, while seals swing their hind limbs to provide strength.

通过李老师活泼生动的讲解，我们深刻了解到这些独特的生命物种如何在严酷的南极环境中奋斗和生存的，它们是充满勇气和智慧的生物，更值得我们尊重和关爱。

Through Ms. Li’s lively and vivid explanation, we deeply understand how these unique species of life struggle and survive in the harsh Antarctic environment, they are creatures full of courage and wisdom, and are more worthy of our respect and care.

然而，南极也有它的“隐忧”。这片承载着地球最纯净的美丽与神秘的净土，正在因为人类的行为而受到影响，冰雪融化、垃圾污染…人类的行为正在渐渐侵蚀着这片宝贵的天然遗产。

However, Antarctica also has its “hidden worries”. This pure land, which carries the purest beauty and mystery of the earth, is being affected by human behavior, melting of ice and snow, garbage pollution … Human behavior is gradually eroding this precious natural heritage.

讲座的最后，李老师为同学们赠送了自己编写的书籍《视觉笔记》，并诚挚地呼吁大家行动起来，保护南极。南极的冰雪蕴含着地球历史的记忆，其海洋孕育着无数的生命。保护南极不仅仅是为了维护当地生态系统的稳定性和生物多样性，也是为了保护全球环境的可持续性和人类利益的长远利益。所以，让我们一起保护这片地球上的最后一片净土吧！

At the end of the lecture, Mr. Li presented students with the book he wrote, Visual Notes, and sincerely called on everyone to take action to protect Antarctica. The ice and snow of Antarctica contain the memory of the Earth’s history, and its oceans harbor countless lives. Protecting Antarctica is not only to maintain the stability of the local ecosystem and biodiversity, but also to protect the sustainability of the global environment and the long-term interests of human beings. So, let’s work together to protect this last piece of pure land on Earth!