清香讲座|守护荒野——如何用红外相机做调查和保护
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动物世界是一个神奇而美丽的世界。从翱翔天际的鸟儿到潜伏在丛林深处的猛兽，每一个生命都有它独特的价值和意义。守护荒野，保护动物，是我们每个人的责任。而巧用红外相机，则是一种科学有效的方法。
The animal world is an amazing and beautiful world. From the birds that soar in the sky to the beasts that lurk in the depths of the jungle, every life has its unique value and meaning. It is the responsibility of all of us to protect animals and wilderness. And the skillful use of infrared cameras is a scientific and effective way to do so.
2024年1月14日晚19:00-20:00，我们很荣幸地邀请到了猫盟科学保护助理——赵莹老师，带领我们一起通过红外相机的镜头看一看这神奇而美丽的世界。
On the evening of January 14, 2024 from 19:00-20:00, we are honored to have Cat Alliance’s Science Conservation Assistant – Ms. Ying Zhao – lead us through the lens of an infrared camera to see this amazing and beautiful world.
主讲人介绍
Introduction of the lecturer
赵莹
猫盟科学保护助理，负责管理、分析红外相机数据以支撑科学保护华北豹种群及其栖息地。
赵老师硕士毕业于中科院植物研究所，研究利用自动录音技术监测森林鸣禽。
讲座一开始，赵老师首先向在座的同学们提出一个问题——大家知道在北京的山里有什么兽类吗？学生们争相回答，有回答狐狸、山羊的，有回答豹子、野狗的，现场气氛十分活跃。
At the beginning of the lecture, Ms. Zhao first asked a question to the students present – do you know what kind of beasts there are in the mountains of Beijing? The students answered positively, some answered foxes and goats, others answered leopards and wild dogs. The atmosphere was very active.
随后赵老师回答了关于北京山林里是否有豹子的问题。北京地区曾经有豹子，事实上，北京还是华北豹的“老家”，华北豹的正模标本采集自北京郊区。在过去很长一段时间里，华北豹栖息在北京广袤的山林中，雄居王座，威慑百兽。不过，调查显示，最近二三十年，豹子已经从北京的山林里销声匿迹了。
Ms. Zhao then answered the question of whether there are leopards in the Beijing forests. There used to be leopards in Beijing, in fact, Beijing is the “home” of the North China Leopard, and the specimens of the North China Leopard were collected from the outskirts of Beijing. For a long time in the past, the North China Leopard inhabited the vast mountains and forests of Beijing, residing on the throne and intimidating all animals. However, surveys have shown that in the last two to three decades, the leopard has disappeared from Beijing’s mountains and forests.
那么是什么原因导致了华北豹种群退缩呢？近年，随着人类活动增多、社会的发展建设等原因，华北豹的栖息地变得破碎化，同时加上非法盗猎现象的猖獗，致使华北豹数量急剧下降。
So what is the reason for the retreat of the North China Leopard population? In recent years, with the increase of human activities, social development and construction and other reasons, the habitat of the North China Leopard has become fragmented, coupled with the rampant illegal poaching phenomenon, resulting in a sharp decline in the number of North China Leopards.
以豹之名，修复华北荒野。以旗舰物种华北豹为抓手，保护与修复华北山地生态系统。带豹回家，不是将豹子空投回北京，而是修复历史栖息地，让一代代个体沿着太行山繁殖扩散回到老家。
Restoring the North China wilderness in the name of the leopard. The flagship species, the North China Leopard, is used as a tool to protect and restore the mountain ecosystems of North China. Bringing the leopard home is not about airdropping the leopard back to Beijing, but rather restoring the historical habitat so that generations of individuals can return home by reproducing and spreading along the T’ai-hang Mountains.
随后赵老师给我们详细介绍了如何用红外相机做调查和保护。首先赵老师向我们展示了红外相机的构成，以及野外调查的方法以更好地观察捕捉到动物。
Ms. Zhao then gave us a detailed introduction on how to use infrared cameras for investigation and conservation. Firstly, Ms. Zhao showed us the composition of the infrared camera and then the method of field investigation to better observe and capture the animals.
通过红外相机我们能获得哪些信息呢？首先我们可以直观地看到有哪些动物，这些动物在干什么。其次我们可以了解到动物偏好什么样的环境，为后续工作做更好的准备。
What information can we get with an infrared camera? Firstly, we can visualize what animals are there and what these animals are doing. Secondly, we can learn what kind of environment the animals prefer, so that we can be better prepared for the subsequent work.
赵老师还向大家播放了一些红外相机采集的动物影像，并向踊跃参与讲座的同学们赠送了红外相机采集到的珍贵的华北豹照片。同学们十分专注地观看赵老师的分享，有狍子妈妈带着“小宝宝”觅食的视频，有野猪拱地找寻食物的视频，有华北豹漫步闲逛、嬉戏打闹、霸气猎食的视频……
Ms. Zhao also showed some images of animals collected by infrared cameras and gave away precious photos of North China Leopards collected by infrared cameras to the students who enthusiastically participated in the seminar. The students watched Ms. Zhao’s sharing very attentively, including videos of roe deer mothers foraging for food with their babies, wild boars arching over the ground in search of food, and North China Leopards strolling and loitering, playing and hunting…
赵老师她们通过观察、记录每一只华北豹的变化，以及区域检测数据的汇总研究，发现总结华北豹保护遇到的威胁。以山西省和顺县华北豹种群检测为例，华北豹栖息地破碎化的原因主要集中在三方面，一方面X337县道车流量的增大割裂栖息地，一方面风电的修建增加了盗猎人员的可到达性，另一方面山顶造田减少了华北豹的适宜栖息地。
Ms. Zhao and her team observed and recorded the changes of each North China Leopard, as well as summarized the regional detection data to find and summarize the threats to the conservation of North China Leopards. Taking the detection of the North China Leopard population in Heshun County, Shanxi Province as an example, the reasons for the fragmentation of the North China Leopard’s habitat are mainly focused on three aspects: on the one hand, the increased traffic flow of the X337 county highway has fragmented the habitat, on the one hand, the construction of wind power has increased the accessibility of poachers, and on the other hand, the creation of farmland on the hilltop has reduced the suitable habitat for the North China Leopard.
针对这三方面的威胁，人们分别采取了不同的管理对策，如，建立廊道连接道路两侧的栖息地，联合森林公安反盗猎巡护，划定重要栖息地采取政策倡导的方法。
Different management responses have been taken to address each of these three threats, such as, establishing corridors to connect habitats on both sides of the road, joint anti-poaching patrols with the Forest Public Security Bureau, and delineation of important habitats to take a policy advocacy approach.
守护荒野不仅是为了保护自然环境，更是为了维护地球生态平衡。荒野是众多物种的家园，也是人类赖以生存的宝贵资源。只有当我们珍惜自然、尊重生命，才能确保地球的可持续发展。
Protecting the wilderness is not only to protect the natural environment, but also to maintain the ecological balance of the Earth. The wilderness is the home of many species and a valuable resource on which mankind depends for its survival. Only when we cherish nature and respect life can we ensure the sustainable development of the earth.
讲座结束后，赵老师继续与我校地理老师兼高研实验室指导教师赵向明老师、科学教师兼科技中心科普教师张天启老师及华北豹科研项目组学生就华北豹保护进行了更深一步的讨论和交流。
After the lecture, Ms. Zhao continued to have deeper discussions and exchanges with Mr. Zhao Xiangming, THISDL geography teacher and instructor of the Higher Research Laboratory, Mr. Zhang Tianqi, THISDL science teacher and Science Center teacher, and the students of the North China Leopard Research Project Team on the conservation of the North China Leopard.
让我们一起用科学的方法保护我们的自然环境。相信在我们共同的努力下华北豹会“回家”的。
Let’s work together to protect our natural environment with scientific methods. We believe that with our common efforts, the North China Leopard will “come home”.
