清香讲堂 | 离我们越来越近的机器人
同学们，你们对机器人的了解有多少？机器人作为人工智能和自动化技术的结合体，已经成为当今科技领域的热门话题之一，它们能够执行各种任务，从工业生产到日常生活的方方面面。可以说，机器人离我们的生活越来越近。
Students, how much do you know about robots? Robots, as a combination of artificial intelligence and automation technology, have become one of the hot topics in the field of science and technology today, and they are capable of performing a variety of tasks, from industrial production to all aspects of daily life. It can be said that robots are getting closer and closer to our lives.
3月31日晚，清香特别邀请到中国科学院自动化研究所研究员、中国科学院大学人工智能学院卢汉清教授，为同学们带来一场关于机器人的知识盛宴。
On the evening of March 31st, THISDL specially invited Prof. Lu Hanqing, a researcher at the Institute of Automation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Professor of the School of Artificial Intelligence at the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), to bring a knowledge feast about robotics to the students.
讲座伊始，卢教授首先为同学们明晰了机器人的概念。狭义上来讲，像人形的机器被称作机器人，也就是我们常说的人形机器人；广义上来讲，为/替人类做某些事情的机器都统称为机器人。如无人机、送餐机器人、机器人玩具等等。
At the beginning of the lecture, Prof. Lu firstly clarified the concept of robotics for the students. In a narrow sense, a humanoid machine is called a robot, which is what we often refer to as a humanoid robot; in a broader sense, a machine that does something for human beings is collectively called a robot. For example, drones, food delivery robots, robotic toys and so on.
那么，人类为什么要创造机器人呢？同学们积极踊跃地开始了讨论。卢教授总结道：“我们创造机器人主要是为了让它们帮/替我们做事情。首先机器人很好玩，可以娱乐我们的日常；其次我们可以让机器人帮我们做一些不愿意做的繁琐事情，或者做一些我们做不了的危险事情；在工业上我们可以充分使用机器人提高工作效率和产品质量；在生活中我们可以让机器人为我们提供各种服务。”
So, why did humans create robots? The students actively and enthusiastically started the discussion. Prof. Lu summarized, “We create robots mainly to let them do things for us. Firstly, robots are fun and can entertain us in our daily life; secondly, we can let robots help us do some tedious things we don’t want to do or do some dangerous things we can’t do; in industry we can make full use of robots to improve our work efficiency and product quality; and in life we can let robots provide all kinds of services for us.”
机器人离我们的生活越来越近，它们出现在日常生活、工业生产、军事防御、医学治疗的方方面面。
Robots are getting closer and closer to our lives, and they are appearing in every aspect of daily life, industrial production, military defense, and medical treatment.
在生活中，娱乐机器人可以为我们带来无限的欢乐。“今天遛‘狗’被围观的一天”“在街头看到有人遛机械狗”这些话题曾经一度冲上网络热搜，机械狗和宠物狗有相同的四肢和大小，还可以做出打滚、作揖等动作，头部的摄像头除了可以识别障碍物，还可以智能识别主人，并进行跟随。机器鱼的外形、划水的轨迹、身形和鱼儿非常接近，如果完全做成鱼儿的外表，真实到可以以假乱真。机器鸟可以像鸟儿一样在空中飞行；机器人也可以充分与教育相结合，寓教于乐，提高孩子们的学习兴趣；还有跳舞机器人、骑自行车的机器人等等，为人类带来了很多耳目一新的欢乐。
In life, entertainment robots can bring us unlimited joy. “Today walking ‘dog’ was surrounded by the day” “in the street to see someone walking a mechanical dog” these topics had once rushed to the network hot search, mechanical dogs and pet dogs have the same limbs and size! The mechanical dog has the same limbs and size as a pet dog, and can also make rolls, bowing and other movements, and the camera in its head can recognize obstacles, but also intelligently recognize its owner and follow it. The appearance of the machine fish, paddling trajectory, body shape and fish is very close to the fish, if completely made into a fish appearance, real to can be fake. Machine birds can fly in the air like birds; robots can also be fully integrated with education, teaching and learning to improve children’s interest in learning; there are also dancing robots, bicycling robots and so on, for human beings to bring a lot of refreshing joy.
目前的工业机器人可以直接搬运几百公斤的重物，特殊制造的机器人甚至可以搬运几吨重的货物。电焊机器人、打磨抛光机器人、喷漆机器人、浇铸机器人等帮助人类做各种各样的事情，并且可以很大程度提高产品质量。拥有蜘蛛侠外形的地下管道检测机器人，为地下管道“做胃镜”。高速分拣机器人分拣药品的效率远远高于人类，且帮助人类解脱了单调枯燥的工作。到目前为止，汽车生产线仍旧是工业机器人的最主要和最成熟的应用领域。
Current industrial robots can directly handle hundreds of kilograms of heavy objects, and specially manufactured robots can even handle goods weighing several tons. Welding robots, sanding and polishing robots, paint spraying robots, casting robots and so on help humans to do a variety of things, and can greatly improve product quality. Underground pipe inspection robots with the appearance of Spider-Man “do a gastroscope” for underground pipes. High-speed sorting robots sort medicines far more efficiently than humans, and help humans get rid of monotonous and boring work. So far, the automotive production line is still the most important and mature application areas for industrial robots.
在一些危险但重要的事情面前，机器人发挥着巨大的作用。军用无人机可以做各种侦察和打击敌人的工作；消防机器人可以用于救火工作；救灾机器人被用于日本福岛核电站事故现场勘查；当毒气泄漏时的事故现场勘查及救援工作也可以由机器人来完成。
In the face of something dangerous but important, robots play a huge role. Military drones can do all kinds of reconnaissance and fight against the enemy; firefighting robots can be used for firefighting work; disaster relief robots are used for accident scene investigation at the Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan; and accident scene investigation and rescue work can be accomplished by robots when poisonous gases are leaked.
在日常生活中，各种各样的服务机器人已经走进我们的视野。我们比较熟悉的有扫地机器人、擦窗机器人、无人驾驶机车、陪伴老人聊天的陪伴机器人。此外，机器人在医疗方面也发挥着一定的作用。手术辅助机器人可以帮助医生对患者进行各项手术，更加稳定可靠；达芬奇外科手术机器人可以帮助医生进行微创手术，不但可以减少患者痛苦，并且可以使患者更快地康复；放疗机器人可以帮助医生利用图像引导方式从各个角度对患者进行放疗，可以更加准确，也可以减少放射性物质对患者和医生的危害；胶囊机器人可以帮助医生对患者的肠胃进行检查，免除下胃镜的痛苦；减重型下肢康复训练机器人、外骨骼机器人，可以帮助下肢残障者进行康复训练或者借助技术辅助重新走起来。
In our daily life, a variety of service robots have come into our vision. We are more familiar with sweeping robots, window cleaning robots, driverless locomotives, companion robots that accompany the elderly to chat. In addition, robots also play a role in medical care. The capsule robot can help the doctor to check the patient’s stomach and intestines, eliminating the pain of gastroscopy; weight reduction lower limb rehabilitation training robot, exoskeleton robot, can help lower limb disabled people to carry out rehabilitation training or with the help of technical assistance to walk up again.
讲座在丰富的举例及视频分析中愉快地进行着，同学们认真而专注。卢教授带领大家一边了解机器人的作用及意义，一边思索未来机器人的样子。随着人工智能技术的蓬勃发展，机器人可以像人类一样行走、跳跃、后空翻、送饮料，甚至可以通过精准快速地计算预判足球落球的位置，并进行准确的守门。
The lecture was pleasantly carried out with abundant examples and video analysis. Prof. Lu led the students to understand the role and significance of robots while contemplating what robots will look like in the future. With the booming development of artificial intelligence technology, robots can walk, jump, and backflip like humans, and can even anticipate the unknown of a soccer ball drop and make accurate goalkeeping through precise and quick calculations.
无论机器如何发展，它终极的目的都将是为人类发展而服务，人工智能时代的理想状态是让社会中的每一个人都能从技术发展中获益。在未来，机器人将对人类生活发挥更大更深的影响，如何拥抱人工智能？如何重新定义人类价值？如何实现良性健康的人机共生新生态？这是值得我们每一个人深思的话题，也期待在未来我们可以找到最佳答案。
No matter how a machine develops, its ultimate purpose will be to serve human development, and the ideal state of the AI era is for everyone in society to benefit from technological development. In the future, robots will play a greater and deeper impact on human life, how to embrace artificial intelligence? How to redefine human values? How to realize a benign and healthy new ecosystem of human-machine symbiosis? This is a topic that deserves our deep thoughts, and we are looking forward to finding the best answers in the future.
